Abstract: Cancer is one of the main diseases that greatly endanger human health. The incidence and mortality rates of cancer in China account to 23.7% and 30%, respectively, across the globe. This figure will further rise because of aging, intensification of industrialization and urbanization, lifestyle modifications, etc. Thus, the burden of cancer cannot be ignored. Cancer is caused by hereditary and environmental factors. Besides aging, other factors, such as infections and unhealthy lifestyles are also related to cancer development. Currently, the status of cancer prevention and control is facing a tremendous challenge. There are still some burning issues to be addressed in regards to implementing prophylactic measures systematically to reduce the incidence and mortality rates of cancer effectively.