Abstract: Primary debulking surgery (PDS), as the preferred treatment for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer, is recommended by existing guidelines. In some advanced cases, the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy has also been affirmed. However, there are still different subjective cognitions for its indications. Therefore, there is an urgent need for objective prediction methods to guide and to optimize the selection of cases so as to achieve the unity of risks and benefits. This article will review the initial treatment and prognostic prediction methods of ovarian cancers to provide a reference guide for clinical practice.