Abstract: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), as an important component of the comprehensive treatment of breast cancer, remains under development. From selecting candidates before treatment to adjusting treatment plans to assessing residual tumor load after treatment, the precise implementation of each stage is key for the overall success of NAC for breast cancer. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide information about morphological changes in tumors during treatment and also provide functional information, show evolving characteristics of tumor heterogeneity in real time, and play a very important role in the overall management of NAC for breast cancer. In this review, we summarize the research progress of MRI and MRI-based radiomics in NAC for breast cancer, in order to improve the efficiency of NAC and precision therapy of breast cancer.