Abstract: Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors globally, and its etiology and risk factors are complex. The malignant tumor mortality rate in Tibet is different from that in most provinces, cities, and autonomous regions in China. Presently, gastric cancer remains the main cause of cancer-related death affecting the Tibetan population. This suggests that the plateau environment affects the incidence and mortality rates of gastric cancer. This study reviews the current research literature of the incidence and mortality rates of gastric cancer in the plateau area. The relationship between the development of gastric carcinoma and hypoxia, radiation, and dietary habits of people living at a high altitude was analyzed. However, currently, clinical and basic research on the gastric cancer population in the plateau area nationally and internationally are extremely limited, and in-depth research is warranted to provide insights into or methods for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer in the plateau area of Tibet.