Abstract: Over the past decades, immunotherapy has led to breakthroughs in tumor treatment, which has led to a paradigm shift in tumor treatment. However, most patients cannot benefit from immunotherapy. Improving the response rate of patients to immunotherapy is a critical issue that needs to be solved urgently. The success of immunotherapy depends on the activation and killing effect of immune effector cells. However, under the severe metabolic and nutritional stress of the tumor microenvironment (TME), the function of immune cells is often disrupted, resulting in an inadequate anti-tumor immune response. Thus, targeting tumor metabolism can modulate the immune microenvironment and restore the anti-tumor immune response, which is expected to achieve a synergistic effect with the application of immunotherapy. This review focuses on how metabolic reprogramming and related metabolites regulate the anti-tumor immune response, aiming to provide new strategies for tumor immunotherapy.