Objective  To investigate clinical features of patients with hematological malignancies accompanied by venous thromboembolism (VTE), so as to identify the risk factors of hematological malignancies with VTE at the early stage, and furthermore, to provide reference for early diagnosis and treatment of VTE.

  Methods  There were 82 hospitalized patients with hematological malignancies accompanied by VTE (case group) and 100 hospitalized patients with hematological malignancies without VTE (control group), and they all were diagnosed at General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from January 2012 to December 2020. Patients' data were retrospectively analyzed and followed up.

  Results  Acute leukemia was more common in hematological malignancies with VTE, followed by lymphoma and multiple myeloma (MM). Univariate analysis found that chemotherapy, bed rest for more than 7 days, infection, central venous catheterization, and previous surgical history were the risks of hematological malignancies with VTE. Multivariate analysis found that bed rest for more than 7 days and central venous catheterization were independent risk factors for hematological malignancies with VTE. In the case group, the median survival time of the anticoagulation group (median survival time was 28 months, 95% CI: 15.5-40.5) was longer than that of the non-anticoagulation group (median survival time was 7.5 months, 95% CI: 0.0-14.5). The difference was statistically significant (P=0.015).

  Conclusions  It is necessary to be vigilant against VTE for patients with hematological malignancies because bed rest and central venous catheterization are independent risk factors for patients with hematological malignancies accompanied by VTE. Therefore, patients should be assessed for VTE risk factors and strengthen the management of patients with hematological malignancies accompanied by VTE. Individualized anticoagulation therapy can be used to improve the survival rate and prognosis of hematological malignancies patients with VTE.