Abstract: The immunotherapeutic agents programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors are crucial in lung cancer treatment, enabling breakthroughs in the treatment of both non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Immuno-monotherapy, immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy, and dual immunotherapy have been successful and invaluable in reshaping lung cancer treatment, enabling lung cancer patients to achieve long-term survival. Currently, immunotherapy for lung cancer treatment is the focus of in-depth research, with studies optimizing models for drug use, developing new target drugs, and exploring strategies to overcome drug resistance. This review focuses on the development of immunotherapy for lung cancer treatment.