Abstract: Esophageal cancer (EC) is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality rates in China. Despite the availability of various treatment modalities, the overall 5-year survival rate remains low. Comprehensive treatment, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, is the current standard for treating patients with EC. Nowadays, patients with EC are able to achieve a longer survival rate without reducing their quality of life owing to the innovation of surgical procedures, progress of radiotherapy targets and techniques, optimization of chemotherapeutic drugs and regimens, and addition of target therapy and immunotherapy for EC. This paper reviewed the recently published literature on the treatment of EC and summarized studies on the use of comprehensive treatment, including radiotherapy and immunotherapy, for EC. Furthermore, this paper reviewed the research progress on peri-surgical treatment and definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy for elderly patients with EC, and immunotherapy for patients with advanced EC.