Abstract: The high risk of recurrence after surgery for local advanced colorectal cancer (LACRC) makes long-term survival challenging for patients. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the treatment of many malignancies. Currently, ICIs are approved for first-line treatment of unresectable LACRC, but their efficacy and safety profile in neoadjuvant therapy are not well described. Early clinical trials have demonstrated the clinical benefit of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in patients with LACRC, and larger advanced clinical trials are underway. This review summarizes the findings of clinical studies and applications of ICIs in the neoadjuvant treatment of LACRC, with the aim of providing some reference for further development of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for LACRC.