Abstract: Neuroblastoma is the most common intracranial solid tumor in children. It is often found at an advanced stage and is prone to metastasis. Even when high-risk patients receive high-intensity treatment, it can still recur or metastasize, and the prognosis is poor. Currently, the pathogenesis and treatment of neuroblastoma have become a research focus and are recognized as difficult issues in the study of pediatric solid tumors. In recent years, with the progress of single-cell sequencing and other techniques, many advances have been made in research on the pathogenesis and management of neuroblastoma. This article reviews the recent progress of research on neuroblastoma, including its origin and molecular, genetic, and immunological regulation mechanisms, and discusses the latest advances in research on monoclonal antibodies, tumor vaccines, adoptive cell therapy, and small-molecule inhibitors of neuroblastoma.