Abstract: High-risk neuroblastoma (HRNBL) is an aggressive solid tumor with a poor prognosis. Treatment is based on multidisciplinary collaboration. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) plays an important role in the consolidation phase. Autologous stem cell transplantation is frequently used in clinical practice. Some relapsed/refractory patients achieve a good response through the use of allogeneic HSCT (allo-HSCT). Tandem transplantation results in a significantly better event-free survival (EFS) than single transplantation. Conditioning regimens include busulfan/melphalan (Bu/Mel) and carboplatin/etoposide/melphalan (CEM) for advanced-stage neuroblastoma. Bu/Mel is associated with better EFS than CEM. HSCT is the standard of care in the treatment of HRNBL, although immunotherapy has significantly improved survival. This article reviews the use of HSCT in neuroblastoma.