Abstract: Objective: To investigate the clinical value of multislice computed tomography angiography (CTA) and multislice computed tomography colonography (CTC) and fusion images in laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer. Methods : The clinicopathologic data of 100 patients who had undergone laparoscopic radical resection for surgically and pathologically confirmed rectal cancer at Central Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University between February 2012 and February 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The CTA-CTC and conventional CT groups included 50 cases each. The distance of the submesenteric artery from initiation to bifurcation and the distance of the distal end of the tumor to the end of the rectum were measured in the CTA-CTC fusion group. The anatomic location of the tumor, submesenteric artery branch, and spatial proximity relationship were preoperatively evaluated and compared to the intraoperative findings. The intraoperative and postoperative recovery, 3-year overall survival rate, and 3-year recurrence-free survival rate were compared between the two groups. Results : There was no significant difference between the distance from the initiation to bifurcation of the inferior mesenteric artery and the distance from the distal end of the tumor to the end of the rectum (all P>0.05). The CTA-CTC fusion image showed the anatomical location of the tumor and the courses of the inferior mesenteric artery, left colic artery, superior rectum artery, and sigmoid artery in three dimensions, which was consistent with the intraoperative findings. The operative time and intraoperative blood loss were significantly different between the two groups (t=−2.433, t=−2.346, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the numbers of lymph nodes dissected, intraoperative blood transfusions, and postoperative complications; postoperative ventilation time; and length of postoperative hospitalization duration between the two groups (all P>0.05). Additionally, the 3-year overall survival rate and relapse-free survival rate did not differ significantly between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions : CTA and CTC and fusion images can clearly show the anatomical location of rectal cancer, the courses of the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery, and the spatial adjacent relationship, which can assist the surgeons in selecting the most appropriate surgical method and approach, shortens the operation time, and reduces the amount of intraoperative blood loss.