Abstract: The etiology of interstitial lung disease (ILD) is complex and varied. Drug-induced interstitial lung disease (DIILD) is also known as drug-induced pneumonia or drug-induced pulmonary toxicity,influenced by the mechanism of action of anticancer drugs and the morbidity of different cancers, the incidence of DIILD induced by different anticancer drugs is different, and the occurrence of DIILD associated with some anticancer drugs often predicts poor prognosis and even high mortality.However,compared with drug-induced liver and kidney injury, drug-induced pneumonia has not been paid enough attention. At present many expert consensus provides guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of DIILD related to anticancer drugs, whereas there are many kinds of anticancer drugs, and the therapeutic regimen is affected by the type of tumor. The specific characteristics of DIILD induced by a certain class of drugs need to be further clarified. In this paper, the epidemiology and risk factors of DIILD related to anticancer drugs were reviewed in order to provide help for further understanding of this adverse drug event.