Abstract: The onset of retroperitoneal tumors (RPT) is relatively insidious and, by the time symptoms appear, tumors tend to be relatively large, having already invaded the surrounding tissues and organs. Retroperitoneal tumor invasion of the key large blood vessels in the abdominal cavity increases the complexity of surgery and makes surgeons reluctant to attempt resection. However, surgery is still the only effective method for treating retroperitoneal tumors at present. Preoperative assessment of the extent of tumor involvement with the blood vessels and the ability to apply revascularization techniques intraoperatively are important not only to take an informed decision regarding the operation but also to achieve complete retroperitoneal tumor resection and to improve the rate of resection. Preoperative imaging is often used before surgery to understand the relationship between retroperitoneal tumors and the great abdominal vessels and to determine the degree of infiltration. Prior knowledge of the surgical field is favorable for the treatment and control of vascular bleeding. For the repair and reconstruction of principal blood vessels, autologous blood vessel technology has become established, and techniques that utilize artificial blood vessels and mesh are being adopted. Preoperative evaluation, surgical strategy, and postoperative management are all important components in the successful treatment of patients with retroperitoneal tumors involving large vessels.