Abstract: Objective: To study the expression of PDCD5 mRNA and its significance in esophageal cancer in Xinjiang Kazakh and Han nationality. Methods:RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA of PDCD5 in 40cases of esophageal cancer (18cases of Kazakh, 22cases of Han). Results: The positive rate of PDCD 5 mRNA expression in40samples of esopha -geal cancer tissue, adjacent tissue, and normal tissue was 80.0% (32/40), 80.0% (32/40) and 87.5% (35/40), respectively, with no significant difference ( P>0.05). The ODs of cancer tissues, adjacent tissues, and normal tissues were 0.7644±0.1444, 0.9341± 0.1631 and 1.8703± 0.4767, respectively. The expression of PDCD 5 was significantly increased in cancer tissues compared with that in normal tissues ( P<0.05). The expression level of PDCD 5 mRNA was not significantly correlat-ed with the degree of differentiation and lymph node metastasis. Conclusion:No significant difference was found in PDCD 5 mRNA expression in esophageal cancer between Xinjiang kazakh and Han nationality ( P>0.05). The expression of PDCD5 is not correlated with the degree of differentiation, depth of invasion or lymph node metastasis. Detection of PDCD5 mRNA expression in esophageal cancer tissues may provide valuable information for patient prognosis.