Abstract: Intravesical instillation after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) has been considered as the most important and effective method for the prevention and treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Nowadays, the main choices of intravesical instillation are chemical drugs and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). For all pa-tients with NMIBC, intravesical instillation should be admistered as soon as possible after TURBT. For patients of G1-2Ta, an immediate single postoperative instillation of chemotherapy as standard therapy for low-risk disease is enough. For interme -diate-risk patients, it is recommended to use an immediate single postoperative instillation of chemotherapy plus an induc-tion course or maintenance treatment, but the scheme of intravesical instillation should be based on the specific circum -stances of the patients. For high-risk patients, maintenance therapy with BCG should be the first chioce. The combination of intravesical BCG and chemotherapy has certain advantages in treating NMIBC, but its efficacy needs further verifica-tion. Although there is a long history of intravesical instillation after TURBT, the choice of drugs, the time of instillation, and the corresponding dosages are still inconclusive. This article summarizes the strategies of the treatment for NMIBC after TURBT.