Abstract: Objective: To identify risk factors influencing the development of esophageal strictures in patients treated with radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma. Methods:Between October 2005and June2008, a total of 62patients who un-derwent radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy treatment were retrospectively reviewed. In the post-treatment follow up, stric-ture rate was calculated on the barium image, and peak time of stricture formation was recorded. Influencing factors of de -veloping esophageal stricture were analyzed statistically in terms of age, tumor location, T stage, roundness, longitudinal length, radiation dose and the inclusion of chemotherapy. Results: During the follow-up,27patients (43.5%) developed an obvious esophageal stricture (stricture rate > 50%). The peak time of stricture development was between5 and 8 months af-ter radiotherapy. Univariate analysis revealed T stage, roundness and exclusion of chemotherapy as predictive high-risk factors of esophageal stricture formation after radiotherapy. ( P values were 0.0177, <0.0001and 0.0034, respectively). Mul -tivariate analysis revealed roundness and exclusion of chemotherapy as significant predictive factors ( P values were< 0.001 and 0.0011, respectively). Conclusion:Given radiation dose around 60Gy, the roundness of the esophageal lumen is an in-dependent factor in predicting post-radiotherapy stricture formation. Inclusion of chemotherapy probably lowers the risk of stricture development.