Abstract: Objective:To investigate the expression of RhoC mRNA and Kiss- 1 mRNA expression in esophageal squa-mous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and normal esophageal epithelia.Methods:We collected 62samples of ESCC tissue and 62 samples of normal esophageal epithelia in Anyang Cancer Hospital. The expression of RhoC mRNA and Kiss- 1 mRNA was detected with in situ hybridization. Chi-square test and Spearman correlation analysis were used to analyze the results.Re? sults: The expression levels of RhoC mRNA in ESCC tissues and normal esophageal epithelia were21.0% and 80.6%, re-spectively, with a significant difference ( χ2=44.173 , P<0.05). For ESCC, the expression level of RhoC mRNA was correlated with the degree of differentiation, depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis ( P<0.05). The positive rate of Kiss-1 mRNA expression in cancer tissues was lower than that in normal mucosa, with a significant difference ( χ2=30.102 , P<0.05). The positive rates of expression of Kiss-1 mRNA in the group with lymph node metastasis was 30.0%, while in the group with-out lymph node metastasis, it was 61.9%, with a significant difference between them (P<0.05). For ESCC, the expression level of Kiss- 1 mRNA was not correlated with the degree of differentiation and depth of invasion (P>0.05) There was a sig -nificant negative correlation between RhoC and Kiss-1 (P<0.05). Conclusion:The increased expression of RhoC mRNA and loss or decreased expression of Kiss-1 mRNA play an important role in carcinogenesis, invasion, and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Detection of RhoC and Kiss-1 expression can evaluate potential lymph node metas-tasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.