Abstract: The whole level of diagnosis and treatment of thyroid carcinoma remains imbalanced in China and there are some controversial problems in this area. In this article, the relevant hot topics were discussed including how to im-prove the diagnostic accuracy; the management of thyroid nodules related with thyroid cancer; the risk assessment of differ-entiated thyroid carcinoma; the surgical principle for local and lymph node metastasis; and radioiodine and endocrine thera-py. We analyzed these aspects in an effort of summarizing the current situation of the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer and proposing the corresponding strategies.