Abstract: The tumor stem cell theory presumes that tumor is a stem cell disease. A small number of cells in tumor play stem cell’s role and they were called tumor stem cells. They play a substantial role in tumor occurrence, development and chemoresistance. Hepatocarcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors. In the last few years some litera-tures have reported the existence of liver cancer stem cells in hepatocarcinoma. In this article, we reviewed the progress in research of liver cancer stem cells in the aspects of origin, separation, identification and cell signal transduction pathways.