Abstract: Objective:To analyze the results of comparion between the breast-conserving therapy (BCT) and modified radical mastectomy (MRM) in the young breast cancer patients (< 35years), and the prognostic factors of BCT in the pa-tients. Methods:The clinicopathologic data of young women with breast cancer who had undergone BCT (71) and MRM (70cases) in our hospital, during a period from January 1995 to December 2006, was retrospectively analyzed. Local re -lapse and survivals of the patients between the two groups were compared, and the influencing factors for survival of the breast-conserving patients, such as the age, tumor size, lymph nodes drainage, histological type and prognosis, were ana-lyzed. Results:All patients were followed-up for a period ranging from12to 156 months, with a median of56. In the breast conservation group, local recurrence occurred in 5 cases, distant metastasis in 8, and death in 7. The 3-year tumor-free sur -vival rate was 94.4%, the 5-year tumor-free survival rate was 78.9%, and the overal survival rate was 90.1%. In the modi-fied surgery group, local relapse occurred in 3 cases, distant metastasis in 6, and death in 5. The 3-year tumor-free survival rate was 95.7%, the 5-year tumor-free survival rate was 82.9%, and the overall survival rate was 92.9%. There were no sta-tistical differences in comparion between the two groups ( P>0.05). Based on an analysis of prognostic correlation factors in patients with breast conserving surgery, the positive incisal margin correlated to the local control, tumor-free survival, and overall survival rates (P<0.05), and the lymph node metastasis correlated to the tumor-free survival and overall survival rates (P<0.05). Conclusion : There are no apparent statistical differences in the comparison of the local relapse and long-term survival rates between the young breast cancer patients of the two groups who respectively underwent the BCT and MRM. The BCT is secure and the local control rate satisfactory in the patients, especially in the young patients with ear-ly-stage breast cancer. while positive marginal status and nodal metastasis are the major prognostic factors of BCT in the young women with breast cancer (≤35years).