Abstract: There has been a remarkable decrease in mortality caused by breast cancer in developed countries over the past few years. Nearly all benefits are found in patients with hormone receptor and/or human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2-positive breast cancer. Triple-negative breast cancer denotes tumors that do not express the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER-2 genes that accounts for approximately 15% of breast cancer. This cancer is more chemosensitive but has a worse prognosis compared with the HR-positive/HER-2-negative phenotype. Triple-negative breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease but is not treatable by endocrine or trastuzumab therapy. Therefore, the standard chemotherapy, such as the combination of anthracycline and taxane, is the only feasible method of systemic therapy. Latest results of clinical research have demonstrated that taxane/anthracycline-based conventional chemotherapeutic regimens plus Xeloda can significantly enhance the recurrence-free survival and overall survival of triple-negative breast cancer patients. Recent studies have suggested that there is a definite relationship between BRCA1 mutations and triple-negative disease, although the mechanism of the relationship remains unclear. Recently, poly(ADP-ribosyl) polymerase inhibitors BSI-201 and olaparib were found to be highly effective for triple-negative breast cancer. Antiangiogenic agents, such as bevacizumab, have demonstrated efficacy in the subtypes of cancer. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors also exhibit a role in treating triple-negative breast cancer. Given the latest progress of the therapy, the development of effective novel approaches and standard regimens of chemotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer is essential.