Abstract:  To investigate the incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer in Hebei Province, which is an area with high iodine concentration in drinking water, from the year 2005 to 2009, in order to understand the distributional characteristics and change trends and provide a basis for the prevention and intervention measures. Methods: Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the incidence, standardized incidence, mortality, and standardized mortality of thyroid cancer in Hebei. Results: In the years 2005 to 2009, the average incidence rate of thyroid cancer in Hebei was 3.000/100,000. The standardized rate was 1.443/100,000, whereas the male to female ratio of crude incidence was 1:3.07, with an average mortality rate of 0.390/100,000, and a standardized mortality 0.190/100,000. Studies showed that the 5-year incidence of thyroid cancer in men and women displayed an increasing trend over the years, and a high incidence of thyroid cancer was seen particularly in women belonging to the age group of 35 years to 50 years. Conclusion: The incidence of thyroid cancer has increased rapidly, with young women in particular being the more affected population group. No significant changes were seen in mortality. More studies should be done to explore relevant risk factors, and corresponding prevention and intervention measures should be taken to reduce the incidence.