Abstract: A nanoparticle drug carrier system that can change the characteristics of drug distribution in vivo has sustained and controlled release features as well as targeted drug delivery.The system can increase the stability of the drug and raise drug bioavailability.The selective targeting of nanoparticle(NPs) can be achieved through enhanced permeability and retention effect and a conjugated specific ligand or through the effects of physiological conditions, such as pH and temperature.Nanoparticles can be prepared using a wide range of materials and can be used to encapsulate chemotherapeutic agents to reduce toxicity with which the magnetic nanoparticles as the anticancer drug carrier can be used for imaging, therapy, and diagnosis.In our study, we reviewed recent progress on nanoparticles as a targeted drug delivery system, including positive-targeting, negative-targeting, and physicochemical-targeting used as anticancer drug carrier.