Objective   Pathological nipple discharge (PND) is commonly associated with benign breast disorders. However, PND lesions can also be malignant and can be the initial or unique presenting symptom of breast cancer. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the clinical factors and the character of PND lesions.

  Methods   The clinical data of 207 patients with PND as their primary complaint were retrospectively analyzed.

  Results   Univariate analysis showed that the risk factors for breast cancer usually increase in patients with PND accompanied by a breast lump or breast calcification or those aged over 50 (P < 0.05). The characteristics and course of PND were not correlated with the diagnoses of benign and malignant degrees of PND (P > 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that patients aged over 50 with PND accompanied by a breast lump or breast calcification have a higher risk of suffering from breast cancer.

  Conclusion   The ages of patients with PND accompanied by a breast lump or breast calcification may significantly affect the diagnosis of benign and malignant PND lesions.