Objective  This study aimed to observe the long-term effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa preparation used in peritoneal injection of advanced colorectal cancer patients during surgery.

  Methods  A total of 83 colorectal cancer patients who received surgery between September 2006 and March 2008 were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into two groups. Palliative resection and a 10 ml P. aeruginosa peritoneal injection were performed in 30 of 83 patients in the treatment group. Simple palliative resection was conducted in the other 53 patients, which comprised the control group. Both groups were then treated by regular chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

  Results  The follow-up visit was completed in 79 of 83 patients, with a high follow-up rate of 95.2%. No significant difference was found in the five-year overall survival time between the two groups (P=0.403). However, the five-year median survival time in the control group was only 13.9 ± 2.14 months, whereas that in the treatment group was 17.2 ± 2.12 months.

  Conclusion  Within a short period, peritoneal injection of P. aeruginosa during surgery could confer certain survival advantages for advanced colorectal cancer patients. However, the long-term effect of this therapy remains unknown.