Abstract: Objective:To investigate the association between p53codon 72polymorphism and the prognosis of breast cancer pa-tients receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy after surgery. Methods:A total of 427 breast cancer patients treated with chemo-radio-therapy after surgery at Beijing Cancer Hospital were selected for this study. Polymerase chain reaction –restriction fragment length polymorphism was adopted to analyze the p 53codon 72polymorphism. Survival analysis was conducted to compare the disparities of recurrence and survival among the patients with different p53codon 72polymorphic variants. Results: The distribution of three geno-types of p53codon 72in our cohort is as follows: Pro/Pro 18.3% (78/427), Pro/Arg 44.0% (188/427), and Arg/Arg 37.7% (161/427). No significant difference was observed among the local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), loco-regional recurrence-free survival (LR-RFS), distant disease-free survival (DDFS), and overall survival (OS) among the three genotypes (all P> 0.05). Among the 303 estro -gen receptor (ER)-positive patients, OS was significantly better in patients with Arg/Arg genotype than those with Pro/Pro genotype ( χ2=6.33, P=0.042). The multivariate analysis showed that the p 53codon 72polymorphism is an independent factor of prognosis for LRFS, LRRFS, DDFS, and OS of ER-positive patients. For the ER positive patients with Pro/Pro genotype, the local recurrence, local-regional recurrence, distant metastasis, and mortality risks were 5.9 (HR=5.9, 95% CI 1.1-31.1, P=0.036), 3.1 (HR = 3.1, 95% CI1.1-9.1, P=0.039), 2.8 (HR=2.8, 95% CI1.3-6.0, P=0.010), and 4.0 (HR=4.0, 95% CI1.3-12.0, P=0.013) times higher than those with Arg/Arg genotype, respectively. Conclusion:For ER-positive breast cancer patients who underwent surgery and chemo-radiotherapy, the local recurrence, loco-regional recurrence, distant metastasis, and mortality risk with Pro/Pro genotype are significantly higher compared to those with Arg/Arg genotype.