Abstract: Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is the standard frontline therapy for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) in patients younger than 65years in the era of conventional chemotherapy. The use of novel drug-based chemotherapy in the in-duction, consolidation, and maintenance phases of chemotherapy hassignificantly improved the response rates of patients. Thus, wheth-er or not ASCT is still necessary in the era of new drugs has become controversial. Currently  available data supported that ASCT should be the frontline therapy for qualified newly diagnosed MM patients and that new drugs may be applied before and after ASCT to further improve the response rate and prolong the progression-free survival of patients. Further prospective clinical trials should be conducted to clarify the role of ASCT in MM and optimize the treatment strategies involving ASCT in the era of new drugsto cure myeiona.