Abstract: Objective:To compare the therapeutic effect of immediate breast reconstruction using latissimus dorsi musculocutane -ous flap after modified radical mastectomy with the conventional modified radical surgery of breast cancer.Methods:A retrospec-tive analysis of 224 female patients with Stage 0 to IIIA breast cancer was conducted. The patients were admitted to the Department of Breast Surgery of Liuzhou People's Hospital between November 2009and July 2012. The cases were divided into two groups accord -ing to different surgical options: immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) and modified radical surgery of the breast (MRSB). After contrastive analyses of the postoperative complications, cosmetic results, quality of life, local failure rate, distant metastases and mortality rates between the two groups, the therapeutic efficiency of the two surgeries was evaluated. Results: No statistical differences were ob-served in the postoperative complications between the two groups, such as hydrops, skin flap necrosis, limb exercise and shoulder joint motion, drainage time, and starting time of adjuvant therapy (P>0.05). The patients in the IBR group had a better quality of life than those in the MRSB group (P<0.01). The aesthetic evaluation of the breast reconstruction was favorable in 39cases and secondary in 3 cases, which surpass the evaluation of the patients in the simple MRSB group. No obvious statistical differences were observed in the distant metastasis rate, local recurrence rate, and mortality rate between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Compared with the tradi -tional MRSB group, the option of IBR after modified radical mastectomy not only achieves similar therapeutic outcomes but also pres -ents advantages such as better aesthetic effect of the reconstructed breast, easy surgical procedures, high safety, improvement of the breast contour outline, and improved quality of life after operation. Therefore, IBR is a safe and available therapeutic method for pa-tients with early breast cancer.