Abstract: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with high morbidity and mortality, as well as poor prognosis in China and worldwide. Despite the recent advances in surgery, irradiation, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy, the curative effect of non- small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in advanced cancer patients is unsatisfactory, and the five- year survival rate of patients remains low. Immunotherapeutic approaches, such as checkpoint inhibitors, active vaccination, and adoptive vaccination, have been given in -creasing attention for the treatment of patients with NSCLC. Results of phase I clinical trials show a higher remission rate, and the out -comes of phases II and III clinical trials are under exploration. This review provides an overview of the latest advances and challenges in immunotherapy for NSCLC.