Abstract: In recent years, the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer have gradually increased in China. This review sum -marized the differences in pathogenic factors, clinical manifestations, pathological features, gene expression, therapeutic modalities, and other aspects between left- and right-sided colon cancers. Results showed that the onset of both left- and right-sided colon cancers is associated with gender and age. Significant differences existed among the clinical manifestations and pathological features. Differenc -es in gene expression, allelic deletion, and DNA mismatch repair affected the occurrence, metastasis, and prognosis of left- and right-sided colon cancers. Moreover, the location of primary tumor is a potential predictor of targeted drug efficacy. Differences in survival rates are possibly related to TNM stage. Hence, new ideas for individualized treatment should be provided by analyzing the differences between left- and right-sided colon cancers.