Abstract: Metabolic components of human intestinal flora bind to their corresponding receptors and stimulate inflammatory cy-tokine secretion. Other changes become evident and cause inflammation, as a result, colorectal cancer (CRC) occurs. Probiotics protect intestinal mucosa and prevent CRC by functioning as an intestinal barrier and inhibiting DNA damage. Probiotics can also be used not only to prevent CRC but also to induce adjuvant treatment of CRC. Gastrointestinal tract surgery can affect gut microbiota metabolism and microecological balance. This review focuses on current research progress on the relationship between intestinal microflora and CRC.