Abstract: Objective:This work presents the therapeutic advantage of induction therapy in patients with ⅢA-N 2 non-small cell lung cancer ( ⅢA-N 2 NSCLC). Methods:ⅢA-N 2 NSCLC patients with ipsilateral mediastinal lymph node metastasis (>1 cm as shown by CT scan) who were admitted in our hospital between January2008and July 2013were retrospectively analyzed. The response rates and survival outcomes of patients were presented and the prognostic factors were analyzed. Results:The 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 57.7% and34.2%, respectively, and the 3- and5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 37.9% and30.5%, respec -tively. No significant differences in OS and DFS were observed between R0 and R 1 resections ( P=0.118; P=0.369), between groups who received neo- adjuvant chemo- radiotherapy and chemotherapy (P=0.771; P=0.953), between cases with and without clinical re -sponse (P=0.865; P=0.862), and among groups of different histological subtypes ( P=0.685; P=0.208). However, patients with standard lobectomy or pathological nodal downstaging exhibited better OS (P=0.023 and P=0.024, respectively) and DFS ( P=0.036 and P=0.025, respectively) than those who had extensive resections or persistent N2. Univariate analysis predicted better OS and DFS for both standard lobectomy and pathological nodal donwstaging. In addition, Cox multivariate analysis revealed that only pathological nodal downstaging could be considered as a favorable prognostic factor for DFS, while non-smoking and standard lobectomy are the corre-sponding variables for OS. Conclusion:Neo-adjuvant therapy with platinum-based doublet is feasible and useful in tumor and patho -logical nodal downstaging, which potentially improved resectability and survival rates in patients with ⅢA-N 2 NSCLC. Performing lo-bectomy or pathological nodal downstaging following induction therapy improved the patients' survival rate.