Abstract: Tumor biobank is a critical infrastructure for translational medicine research and precise medical research, which has been paid increasing attention in Western countries. Three different periods exist throughout the course of the15- year construction and progress of the gastrointestinal cancer biobank in China. The periods include the following: construction of a project-driven biobank, which is closely related to the division's project; formation of a regional network of biobanks, which integrates multiple biobanks with different kinds of diseases; and enrollment of the project to national key basic research facilities by the government. The construction content of gastrointestinal cancer biobank has two stages: collection of peripheral blood and tumor tissues, patient body fluids (blood and urine), and tumor tissues; and information management of clinical and pathological details. The high- quality biospecimens safeguard the strong support of many domestic projects and international research projects. This review summarizes the experiences and problems of gastrointestinal tumor biobanks in China. The author introduces quality control problems for long-term cryopreserved biospecimens in deep freezer.