去势治疗诱导的神经内分泌前列腺癌的研究进展*

Research progress on neuroendocrine prostate cancer induced by androgen deprivation therapy

摘要: 转移性前列腺癌行去势治疗（androgen-deprivation therapy ，ADT ）后将逐渐发展为去势抵抗性前列腺癌（castration-resistant prostate cancer ，CRPC）。神经内分泌前列腺癌（neuroendocrine prostate cancer，NEPC）是CRPC的极差预后亚型，多由前列腺癌细胞发生神经内分泌分化（neuroendocrine differentiation ，NED ）引起，放化疗效果较差，平均生存期不到1 年，约占因CRPC患者死亡的25％，目前其分子机制研究较有限。进一步研究NEPC发生的分子机制将为NEPC治疗药物的开发与应用提供新的思路。

Abstract: Patients with metastatic prostate cancer are typically managed with androgen deprivation therapy. Most patients initially respond to treatment, but many eventually develop castration-resistant prostate cancer. Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a highly aggressive subtype of castration-resistant prostate cancer, which often results from neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer cells. NEPC has a dismal outcome with an average survival of less than 1 year and exhibits less response to radiochemotherapy. At least25% of patients with lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer are predicted to eventually develop this type of highly-aggres-sive NEPC. However, research on the molecular mechanism of NEPC is limited; thus, further studies are needed to explore the develop -ment and application of anticancer drugs for NEPC.