Abstract: Objective:To compare the influence of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and radiotherapy combined chemothera -py on the prognosis of patients with advanced esophageal cancer.Methods:A retrospective analysis from June2007to June2010in our hospital was conducted on 245 patients. Depending on the treatment, patients were classified into simple radiotherapy group and chemoradiothearapy group ,both of which received three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. A total of 173 patients were in the radi -ation and chemotherapy combined treatment group, while 72cases were in the simple radiothearapy group. One month after inter -vention, efficacy, adverse reactions, and survival rates of the two groups of patients were compared.Results:The proportion of wom -en in the combination therapy group, aged < 62years, the proportion of lymph node metastasis occurrence and dose≥ 63Gy ratio were significantly higher than those in the radiotherapy group, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). Howev -er, the tumor location and Karnofasky scores of two groups of patients indicated a difference that was not statistically significant ( P>0. 05). The combined treatment group results were significantly higher than the efficiency of the radiotherapy group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). In the combined treatment group, significant differences were observed in the incidence of esoph -ageal inflammation, regional recurrence, white blood cell, and platelet decrease. The difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). However, the difference in the incidence of bone marrow transplantation, pneumonia, radiation pulmonary fibrosis, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite was not statistically significant (P>0. 05). The five-year survival rate of combination group were significantly higher than that of the radiotherapy group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). Conclusion: For advanced esophageal car -cinoma patients, radiotherapy and chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy improved efficiency of treatment and effectively im -proved survival rate. Although the proposed treatment could lead to adverse reactions, these effects are within the range of tolerance, which makes the said treatment worthy of clinical promotion.