Abstract: With the intense development of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer research in recent years, this approach has been used widely in clinical treatment. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy can increase the chance of operation for patients with locally advanced breast cancer. Moreover, it can improve breast-conserving rate in larger-tumor patients, thereby improving the quality of life of these patients. However, some controversies regarding the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer patients remain to be resolved. This review focuses on clinical studies and re-recognition of neoadjuvant chemotherapy as a viable treatment for breast cancer.