Abstract: Thyroid carcinoma is the most common cancer that affects the endocrine system. With the development of research methods and techniques of various disciplines, the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and understanding of thyroid carcinoma are constantly progressing. In the latest edition of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines, the preoperative evaluation of thyroid nodules, the mode and range of the operation, and the treatment involving postoperative thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression have changed, all of which can provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules.