Abstract: Half a century ago, it was confirmed that leukemia could be induced by retroviruses in some animals. There are numerous endogenous retroviruses in the human genome. However, retrovirus-related human adult T-cell leukemia is only endemic in some local areas. Recently, an extensive study on apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide 3 (APOBEC3) family members has revealed the resistance mechanism in human to retrovirus-induced leukemia. The Epstein-Barr virus is widely spread in the human population and exists as a latent infection in the human body for a long time. It is closely associated with the occurrence and development of some lymphomas and solid tumors, indicating its tumorigenicity. The relationship between other viral infections and leukemia/lymphoma remains unclear. The interaction may be mediated by complex, multistep, and indirect networks, which need to be further illuminated.