Abstract: Because the pathogenesis of some hematologic malignancies (e.g., myeloproliferative disease, MPN; acute leukemia, AL; multiple myeloma, MM; and (hemophagocytic syndrome, HPS) involve abnormalities in the JAK/STAT pathway, a series of drugs that target the JAK/STAT pathway has been the subject of clinical trials. Ruxolitinib (also known as INCB018424), an inhibitor of the JAK1/2 pathway, was approved as the treatment choice for myelofibrosis (MF) and polycythemia vera (PV) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2011. Moreover, some studies have shown that ruxolitinib can achieve exciting clinical results in the treatment of AL, MM, and HLH, making it a potential choice of treatment for those diseases. In this review, we summarize the advances in ruxolitinib therapy with regard to research and clinical results for the above-mentioned hematologic malignancies.