Abstract: Cancer-related anemia (CRA) is a common complication of cancer. Epidemiological studies have shown that its incidence is related to tumor type, treatment regimens, and cycles of chemotherapy, among others. The pathogenesis of CRA is still not very clear; patients show poor prognosis, and course of the disease proceeds rapidly. However, the effectiveness and safety of the presently accepted therapeutic approaches are defined. New treatments are being researched, which may bring new ideas for CRA treatment.