阻断T细胞活化抑制通路治疗恶性肿瘤新进展

Recent progress in the treatment of malignant tumors by blocking the inhibitory pathway of T cell activation

摘要: 肿瘤免疫治疗近年来取得了较大进展，阻断T细胞活化抑制通路的抗程序性死亡受体-1（programmed death-1，PD-1）/程序性死亡配体-1（programmed death-ligand1，PD-L1）及细胞毒性T淋巴细胞抗原-4（cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4，CTLA-4）等单克隆抗体（也被称为免疫检查点抑制剂）应用于临床，有些抗体已纳入特定肿瘤的一线治疗。本文就免疫检查点抑制剂（immune checkpoint inhibitors，ICPIs）的作用机制、临床研究结果、免疫相关不良事件等方面的最新进展进行综述，从而分析该领域所面临的问题及未来发展前景。

Abstract: Cancer immunotherapy has progressed rapidly in recent years, especially the clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) monoclonal antibodies, which block the inhibitory pathway of T cell activation. Some of these antibodies have been adopted as firstline therapies for certain types of cancers. Here, we review the mechanism of action of immune checkpoint inhibitors, new advances in clinical applications, and immune-related adverse events. Lastly, we discuss some issues to be addressed and future directions of cancer immunotherapy.