Abstract: Neurolymphomatosis is a malignant disease that occurs primary or secondary to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and leukemia.It is mainly caused by lymphoma cells directly infiltrating peripheral nerves, and the incidence is low.The clinical manifestations vary according to the involved nerves and mainly present as decreased strength in the muscles innervated by the affected plexus/root.It is often misdiagnosed as a polyneuropathy such as Guillain-Barre syndrome or chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.With combined treatment using immunoglobulins or steroids, the symptoms are temporarily improved but the disease still progresses rapidly, eventually requiring the attention of a physician.This paper will discuss clinical reports and research on neurolymphomatosis in recent years from the aspects of pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, diagnostic methods, treatment, and prognosis, and will provide a theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.