Abstract: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors.According to the primary site of the tumor, the morbidity, etiology, molecular biological characteristics, clinical features, and gut microbiota of patients are different.This review focuses on the characteristics of colorectal cancer according to the tumor location and describes the newest discoveries in molecular biology, gut microbiota, and imunotherapy.Different molecular biological characteristics lead to differences in clinical treatment response, leading to differences in clinical prognosis.Deep understanding of the characteristics of colorectal cancer according to tumor location provides further theoretical basis for improving clinical treatment.