Abstract: Currently, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended for patients with stage Ⅱ-ⅢA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the toxicity of chemotherapy should not be neglected, despite the survival benefits achieved. There is an urgent need for new, effective, individualized treatment regimens with low toxicity. EGFR-TKI is widely used for the treatment of advanced NSCLC because of its high efficiency and low toxicity. To explore more effective treatment methodologies, researchers at home and abroad have made many attempts to extend targeted therapy to the field of postoperative adjuvant therapy. This article reviews the retrospective and prospective clinical studies that have been conducted, analyzes the preponderant population of postoperative adjuvant targeted therapy, and seeks evidence-based medical evidence to guide clinical practice, so that patients with NSCLC can benefit from targeted therapies and improved postoperative survival rates.