Abstract: Chemotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, in recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors have also been shown to have a good effect against advanced NSCLC. Whether the combination therapy can produce better results has become the focus of attention. This review summarizes the efficacy and safety of the use of death receptor 1 (programmed death 1, PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors or cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein (cytotoxic T lymphocyteassociated protein 4, CTLA4) inhibitors combined with chemotherapy for the treatment of NSCLC. This article also expounds the mechanisms of the combination therapy in enhancing curative effect, thereby providing insights into future treatment options for advanced non-small cell lung cancer.