Abstract: With the advancement of high-throughput sequencing technology, improvements in big data processing and analysis have been witnessed. Evaluation of anti-tumor effects of targeted therapy and immunotherapy using various molecular markers based on high-throughput sequencing and big data are moving towards clinical application. Panel detection of different genetic markers provides the basis for cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this article, the classification of high-throughput sequencing panel, application of large panel in cancer diagnosis, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and the problems encountered in the clinical application of large panels are reviewed in order to provide a reference for their clinical application and promote the advancement of precision medicine.