Abstract: Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN) is a common adverse reaction induced by chemotherapy. CIN may lead to dose reduction, delayed chemotherapy, and even febrile neutropenia (FN) and infection. This can result in increased cost of treatment, reduced chemotherapy efficacy, reduced quality of life, and poor prognosis. Risk assessment of CIN, early detection of FN and infection, and appropriate prevention and treatment play a crucial role in improving anti-tumor efficacy and reducing the mortality risk. Based on the available evidence and expert opinion, the expert committee of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association issued a consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of CIN in China (2019 edition), with the aim of supporting China oncologists in the diagnosis and treatment of CIN.