Abstract: Natural killer (NK) cells are a component of the innate immune system. They have the ability to lyse tumor and viral infected cells, and play an important role in innate immunity and acquired immunity. As the characteristics and functions of NK cells have become more widely recognized, NK cells have been implemented as a clinical anti-tumor treatment, especially in the treatment of hematological malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and lymphoma. NK cell-based immunotherapy currently includes autologous NK cell infusion, allogeneic NK cell infusion, and chimeric antigen modified NK (CAR-NK) cell infusion. NK cell-based immunotherapy aims to enhance the anti-tumor ability of NK cells and overcome tumor immune escape. With further research and development, NK cell therapy will become a powerful weapon for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.