Abstract: Malignant glioma is the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system in adults, and it exhibits complex biological behavior and high malignancy. However, current therapies for malignant glioma are limited. Despite standard radiation therapy, maximal safe surgical resection, and combined radiochemotherapy, clinical outcomes remain dismal. Patients diagnosed with GBM only have a median survival of approximately 15 months. Several molecular targets and immunotherapies have recently emerged, and the field has made great progress, particularly with respect to oncolytic virus, which has received extensive attention among researchers because of its unique targeting, security, and antitumor effects. Oncolytic virus therapy has demonstrated considerable efficacy in basic and clinical research of various cancers. Furthermore, relevant investigations of malignant glioma are being conducted for its better understanding. Here, we review the recent clinical research progress in oncolytic virus therapy for treating malignant glioma.